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H. EGELLS. APPARATUS FOR COOLING FREEZING LIQUIDS. No. 272,667. PateritdFeb. 20, 1883.

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APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND FREEZING LIQUIDS. No. 272,667. PatentedFeb.20, 1883.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERMANN EGELLS, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND FREEZING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 272,667, dated February20,- 1883. Application filed December 29, 1882, (No model.) Patented inEngland October 7, 1882, No. 4,770.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, HERMANN EGELLS, councilor of commerce, residing inBerlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Cooling and Freezing Liquids, alsoapplicable for other purposes, (for which I have obtained Letters Patentin Great Britain, No. 4,770, October 7, 1682,) of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to the ice-making machine described in thespecification of the -United States Letters Patent No. 236,471, and

in which the ice or cold is produced by the evaporation of water incacao, the vapors generated being mostlyabsOrbed by sulphuric acid.

The improvements consist, first, in a novel combination of the parts ofthe concentrating apparatus for sulphuric acid, which allows the acid tobe raised into the concentrator without its passing any pump; secondly,in the means employed for attaching the leaden lining to the walls ofthe concentrating-vessel; and, thirdly, in the appliances for preventingsuch lining from being pressed away from the wall of the vessel by air,or by the steam of any moisture happening to penetrate between the walland the lining.

On the annexed two sheets of drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation, partlyin section, of a vacuum ice-making machine provided with myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a sectional viewvot' the acid-concentratingapparatu Fig. 3, a horizontal section of the boiler thereof, while Figs.4, 5, and 6 show the arrangement of the lining to a larger scale. y

The refrigerators A, the absorber B, the compound air-pump I), and theheatexchanging apparatus E (shown in Fig. l) are substantially the sameas in the machine described in the sperilication ofthe aforesaid PatentNo. 236,47 1. The concentrator 0, Figs. 1 and 2, is also constructed onthe sameprinciple asformerly, inasmuch asitconsistsot' a closed vesselin hich the acid diluted in B by the absorption of vapor is heatedbysteam passing through the coils of pipes K, while a vacuum is createdabove t e acid; but the machine has been simplitied by a new combinationof parts which allows the pumps formerly used for pumping the acid intoand out of the concentrator to be dispensed with.

The passage of the acid through the apparatus is caused by means of theair-pump F, which serves to keep up the vacuum in the concentrator O.The diluted acid is contained in the vessel or reservoir N, open to theatmosphere, the concentrated acid in the reservoir G, which ishermetically closed. The latter is ordinarily placed at a lower levelthan the concentrator C, so that the acid may flow by gravity throughthe connecting-pipe L from G to G.

M is the pipe connecting the vessel N with the concentrator. The samedischarges into the latter at a point above the level of the acid.

The air-pump F communicates with the top of the concentrator G by thepipe H, and, besides, with the reservoir G by-the pipe J, so

that when the cock J, inserted in J, is open for communication between Fand G there will be the same vacuum in 0 as in G, in consequence whereofthe acid is free to flow from O to G. This flow may be regulated by thecock L. To the heating-coils K steam is admitted by the pipe S, whilethe water of condensation is drawn ott' by the pipe W.

Between the concentrator 0 on one hand and the reservoirs N and G on theother, the heat-exchanging apparatus E is by preference placed as in theformer machine. The same consists ota cylinder containing the pipes soarranged that the .hot concentrated acid will flow downward around thetubes, while the weak acid, which is cold, ascends within them, thelatter being thus heated on its way to O by the concentrated acid, whichon its part. is cooled.

In order to render the transference of heat from the hot acid to thecold acid more complete, diaphragms e have been introduced which haveholes a little larger than the tubes passing through them, and therebycause the hot acid to flow closely along the tubes.

\ In order to promote the removal of vapor from the concentrator, acondenser, R, is combined with the air-pump, as shown in the drawings orthe same is placed between the pump and theconcentrator. Insteadoi'thisair-pump,

A vacuum having been created by the pump F, and the cock M being open,acid will be sucked tiom the vessel N through pipe Minto theconcentrator. After having been freed from the excess of water by thecombined action oi the steam in the coils Kand of the vacuum the acid isallowed to tlow off by the pipe L into the reservoir G. The flow ot' theacid through the pipes may be so regulated by the cocks M and L that thesupply to the concentrator from N and the discharge from the same to Gwill be continuous and in proportion to the concentrating capacities ofthe apparatus. .12.

It is not absolutely necessary that the reservoir G be placed lower thanthe concentrator. The same may be arranged at an equal height, or evensomewhat higher; but in this case a flow of acid from O to G can only beproducedby employing means for creating a higher vacuum in G than in 0.

Between the reservoir G and the absorber B, Fig. 1, communication isestablished by the pipe P, while 0 is the pipe conductingthe acid to thevessel N. The acid in B having become diluted to a degree as to belacking in efficiency, the absorheris shut off from the refrigeratorsand air is admitted into the same. The acid is then drawn off by cock 0into N. A vacuum having hercupon again been created in B, the cock Iopened, and air admitted into G by the cock J, which is provided withthree ways, or by other suitable means, concentiated acid will be suckedinto B from G.

The entrance of air meanwhile into C by the pipe L may be prevented by acheck-valve or by the cock L. When the absorber is filled up to therequired level the cooks P, J, and l. (the latter in case of its havingbeen used) are then again adjusted as before. An inter mittent emptyingand tilling ot' the absorber B has thus to take place, while theconcentrating operation goes on continuously.

The concentratorU is conveniently made in the form shown in the drawingsand of castiron but in order to resist the corrosive action ot' the acidit is provided internally with a lead linin This lining may be securedto the iron by means of dovetail plugs a,inserted in o rccesses in thewalls of the vessel, as shown in Figs. 4. and 5. In order to carry outthis mode of tastening,a hole is cut into the lining opposite to eachrecess, and of about the size thereot. So much molten lead is thenpoured into the recess that it will slightly project from the surface ofthe lining whereupon its edges are hammered close to and over the edgesof the latter. Finally the edges of both parts are soldered together bymeans of the gas blowpipe. The plugs may, however, also he formed byinserting a piece of lead of suitable form and size into each recess andexpanding it by hammering.

As there is a vacuum inside of the concentrator, any air penetratingfrom the outside, or moisture hap 'iening to enter between the wall ofthe vessel and the lining. will have the tendency to cause the lining tobulge inward. To prevent this, annular grooves b, Figs. 2 and 4,'aremade in the iron, and these are all put in communication with a pipe, 0,which extends nearly to the top of the vessel, and terminates in adownward bend to prevent any access of acid to the pipe. The pressurebetween the lead lining and the outer iron case is thus maintained thesame as that within the vessel. Such of the grooves 12 as aresufficiently high above the level of the acid may simply be put incommunication with the inside of the vessel by a hole, 01, in thelining, (see Fig. 5;) but in'order to prevent any acid from finding itsway into the said hole it is advantageous to protect the same by acap,f, having perforations f, through which any air or vapor from behindthe lining may pass out.

Wherever pipes branch 01% from the concentrator the lead lining shouldextend into and through the same, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,

the latter figure representing the section of a tubular attachment,through which a branch of one of the pipes S and 1* passes.

The described improvements may also be used together with refrigeratorsof different design. These may, .for instance, cons st in horizontalcylinders with stirring ap 'mratus, similar to the absorber B, andserving tocool Water to any temperature above the freezingpoint, orsaline solutions to a lower degree, the latter being in such caseemployed for conveying the cold to an ice-making tank or other placewhere it is to be utilized. The improvements are, however, alsoapplicable, independently of the ice-making machine, for the solepurpose of concentrating sulphuric acid.

I claim as my invention- 1. The concentrator O, the air pump F or itsdescribed equivalent, the closed reservoir Gr, vessel N,andconnecting-pipes H, J,L, and M, combined together substantially as andfor the purpose specitied.

2. In combination with the concentrator G, the lead lining attached tothe walls thereof by means of the plugs a, as hereinbetore described. 1

3. In the concentrator 0, provided with a lead lining, the groovesb,commu.nicating with the space above the acid, substantially as and forthe purpose stated.

In testimony whereof I have. signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

HERHANN EGELLS.

Witnesses:

UARL PIEPER, B. R01.

